INTRODUCTION

Information and Comunication Technologies(ICT) isan umbrella term that includes all technologies for the manipulation and communication of information. The term is sometimes used in preference to IT, particularly in two communities; government and education, it is the learning of knowledge, information and skils during the course of life. Actually, technology is an increasingly influential factor in education. Information and Communication Technologies(ICTs) is a diverse set of tools and resources used to communicate, create, disseminate, store and mange information. These technologies include computers, the Internet, and broadcasting technologies(radio and television). There is an increasing interest in how computers and the Internet can improve education at al levelsin both formal and non-formal setting. ICT has also enabled learning throug multiple, intelligence as ICT has introduced learning through simulator games,and thie enables active learning through all senses. That is why there have some countries ave ICT as a educational subject, and also part of the National Curriculum.

CHALLENGERS IN INTEGRATING ICTs IN EDUCATION

1) In the first place, are appropriate rooms or buildings available to house the technology? In countries where there are many old school buildings, extensive retrofitting to ensure proper electrical wiring, heating/cooling and ventilation, and safety and security would be needed.

2) Another basic requirement is the availability of electricity and telephony. In developing countries large areas are still without a reliable supply of electricity and the nearest telephones are miles away. Although this is currently an extremely costly approach, other developing countries with very poor telecommunications infrastructure should study this option.

3) Policymakers should also look at the ubiquity of different types of ICT in the country in general, and in the educational system (at all levels) in particular. For instance, a basic requirement for computer-based or online learning is access to computers in schools, communities, and households, as well as affordable Internet service.

4) Transparency and reliability of Internet based information: The Higher Educationperspective.


5) What are the costs/benefits of situating ICTs for use in schools outside of computer classroom? Cost-benefit analyses of situating computers outside of classrooms, but rather in school libraries, teacher training institutions and community telecentres (including those that are school-based), would be quite useful.
6) Are some school subjects better suited for ICT integration than others? Given that access to ICTs in schools is quite limited, it would be useful to know if certain ICT applications are better suited to use in certain school subjects and others and, if so, how ICTs can be utilized to aid teaching and learning in such subjects.

7) How can ICTs be used to present, comment on and discuss student work, and what are the implications of such impact? The effects of using ICTs to present and discuss student work are not well researched.

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/ICT_in_Education/Key_Challenges_in_Integrating_ICTs_in_Education (13/01/2009)
http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.106.html (13/01/2009)
http://www.allconferences.com/conferences/20080530025224/ (13/01/2009)

CAUSES

Why ICT For Education:
1) The emergence and strengthening of the global economy.
2) The transformation of agrarian and industrial economies into knowledge and information-based service economies.
3) ICTs are radically changing the nature of work and the workplace.
4) ICTs offer tremendous possibilities in:
v Improving students learning by enhancing the teaching or learning process.
v Strengthening institutional capacity.


http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/tasf/unpan024795.pdf

EFECTS

Disadvantages:
-It never enough resources(computer) for each classroom and you can’t expect parents to buy their children a laptop to take to school.
-Moreover some teacher are being old style of teaching and refuse to use ICT system in their classrooms.

- The importance thing is the computer will never replace the teacher, because it is a learning tool and will give out what we humans put in.



Advantages:
-The lecturers and learner can be up to date and real world technology.

-It is also prepared children for the modern world
ICT can significantly reduce learning cost

- By using ICT, training and learning can reach a large numbers of people at
A low marginal cost. The saving on travel and economics of scale gained reduce learning cost and bring about cost effective.

ICT has brought revolutionary advance in distance learning
-Distance where, where learning take place away from the instruction, how ever in 1960s various analog technologies and satellite, base transmission system brought about considerable growth in distance learning. One of the major strength of ICT is its ability to reach out and include learner and clients who are separated by geography or are prevented by participating in learning activities by infrastructure time or financial constants.

ICT supporting information and knowledge sharing an analog.
-As ICT continuous to innovate and advance, its capacity interactively, from one way broadcasting to two interaction, from a synchronous to synchronous grows.
The development and increasing availability of new and affordable information communication technology ,such as e-mail , e-discussion tools, instant messaging, IP phone and VC offer promise for widening the scope and scale of technology sharing and learning for development.



http://www.jointokyo org/files/cms/ news/ptf